International Journal Of Coastal, Offshore And Environmental Engineering(ijcoe)

International Journal Of Coastal, Offshore And Environmental Engineering(ijcoe)

Investigation the Surface Waves During the Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon in the Chabahar Offshore Area Using Numerical Modeling

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
Mohammad Pakhirehzan
Hossein Malakooti
Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology; University of Hormozgan. Bandar Abbas. Iran
10.22034/ijcoe.2024.418633.1048
Abstract
Spectral and statistical analyses of wind-induced waves are very important in the design of coastal and offshore structures. In this study. the results of numerical simulations by two spectral wave models (MIKE SW and SWAN) were compared to investigate the effect of the Indian Ocean summer monsoon on wave patterns in the Chabahar offshore area in the northern Gulf of Oman. The wind field for the wave simulations was obtained by the WRF model. WRF and SWAN were implemented as wave-atmosphere subsystems of the COAWST (Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport model). For MIKE SW wind input. the output wind field of the WRF model was extracted and converted to the readable format. The results of the wave simulation are acceptable by both the COAWST and MIKE SW experiments in comparison with observational data. but the results of the COAWST model were more accurate than the results of MIKE SW in simulating wave height and period. while in simulating wave direction. MIKE SW was more accurately than COAWST. The wave spectrums were prepared for observational data and model results. All Spectrums had a single peak which means that one main frequency is responsible for the most wave energy. The best-fitted spectrum was JONSWAP for all occasions. This means that the sea state of the study area was not a fully developed sea during the simulation period. Directional wave spectrums of observational data and model results showed the south and southeast directions for the wave energy propagation.
Keywords
COAWST
Indian Ocean Monsoon
MIKE SW
SWAN
WRF
Subjects
  1. D.. Vinayachandran. P.N. and Unnikrishnan. A.S. (2002). The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean. Progress in oceanography. 52(1). p.63-120.
  2. C.. Pan. J.. Tan. Y.. Gao. Z.. Rui. Z. and Chen. C.. (2015). The seasonal variations in the significant wave height and sea surface wind speed of the China’s seas. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. 34. p.58-64.
  3. M.N.. Chaichitehrani. N.. Allahyar. M. and McGee. L.. (2017). Wave spectral patterns during a historical cyclone: a numerical model for cyclone Gonu in the northern Oman Sea. Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics. 7(2). P.131-151.
  4. L.M.. Wang. A.F. and Guo. P.F.. (2008). Numerical simulation of sea surface directional wave spectra under typhoon wind forcing. Journal of Hydrodynamics. Ser. B. 20(6). p.776-783.
  5. Kutupoğlu. V.. Çakmak. R.E.. Akpınar. A. and van Vledder. G.P.. (2018). Setup and evaluation of a SWAN wind wave model for the Sea of Marmara. Ocean Engineering. p.450-464.
  6. J.C.. Armstrong. B.. He. R. and Zambon. J.B.. (2010). Development of a coupled ocean–atmosphere wave sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system. Ocean modeling. 35(3). p.230-244.
  7. M.H. and Etemad-Shahidi. A.. (2007). Application of two numerical models for wave hindcasting in Lake Erie. Applied Ocean Research. 29(3). p.137-145.
  8. F.. Cheng. Z. and Xia. M.. (2020). Surface wave field under binary typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) in South China Sea. Estuarine. Coastal and Shelf Science. 241. p.106802.
  9. Y.. Erdik. T.. Özger. M. and Altunkaynak. A.. (2014). October. Application of MIKE 21 SW for wave hindcasting in Marmara Sea Basin for the year 2012. In 11th international congress on advances in civil engineering (ACE). p.21-25.
  10. F.. Bertotti. L.. Bidlot. J.R.. Cavaleri. L.. Filipetto. V.. Lefevre. J.M. and Wittmann. P.. (2007). Comparison of wind and wave measurements and models in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Ocean Engineering. 34(3-4). p.526-541.
  11. L.. Bernardino. M. and Guedes Soares. C.. (2014). Wind and wave modelling in the Black Sea. Journal of Operational Oceanography. 7(1). p.5-20.
  12. J.C.. Sherwood. C.R.. Signell. R.P.. Harris. C.K. and Arango. H.G.. (2008). Development of a three-dimensional. regional. coupled wave. current. and sediment-transport model. Computers & geosciences. 34(10). p.1284-1306.
  13. J.B.. He. R. and Warner. J.C.. (2014). Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean atmosphere wave sediment transport (COAWST) model. Ocean Dynamics. 64. p.535-1554.
  14. I.A.. Rusu. L. and Anton. C.. (2019). Nearshore wave dynamics at Mangalia beach simulated by spectral models. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 7(7). p.206.
  15. B.. Gao. H. and Shao. Z.. (2019). Characteristics of global waves based on the third-generation wave model SWAN. Marine Structures. 64. p.35-53.
  16. U.K.. Mishra. P.. Mohanty. P.K.. Panda. U.S. and Ramanamurthy. M.V.. (202). Modeling of tidal circulation and sediment transport near tropical estuary. east coast of India. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 37. p.101351.
  17. B. and Do. K.. (2021). Optimization of SWAN wave model to improve the accuracy of winter storm wave prediction in the East Sea. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology. 35(4). p.273-286.
  18. F. and Yuksel. Y.. (2021). Inter-comparison of long-term wave power potential in the Black Sea based on the SWAN wave model forced with two different wind fields. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. 93. p.101192.
  19. Z.. Tam. C.Y.. Li. Y.. Lau. N.C.. Chen. J.. Chan. S.T.. Dickson Lau. D.S. and Huang. Y.. (2022). How Does Air‐Sea Wave Interaction Affect Tropical Cyclone Intensity? An Atmosphere‐Wave‐Ocean Coupled Model Study Based on Super Typhoon Mangkhut (2018). Earth and Space Science. 9(3). p.e2021EA002136.
  20. A.A.A.. Kansoh. R.M.. Iskander. M.M. and Elkholy. M.. (2022). Wind and wave climate southeastern of the Mediterranean Sea based on a high-resolution SWAN model. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. 99. p.101311.
  21. N.R.R.C.. Ris. R.C. and Holthuijsen. L.H.. (1999). A third‐generation wave model for coastal regions: 1. Model description and validation. Journal of geophysical research: Oceans. 104(C4). p.7649-7666.
  22. W.C.. Klemp. J.B. and Dudhia. J.. (2005). Coauthors. 2008: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. NCAR Tech. Note TN-4751STR.
  23. DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute).. (2012). MIKE 21 Spectral Wave Module. Scientific Documentation. Danish Hydraulic Institute.66.
  24. J.C.. Perlin. N. and Skyllingstad. E.D.. (2008). Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple earth system models. Environmental modelling & software. 23(10-11). p.1240-1249.
  25. J.. Mori. N.. Yasuda. T.. Mase. H. and Kihara. N.. (2012). Improvement of Storm Surge Simulation Upon Parameterizations Of Coupled Air-Sea Interactions. Coastal Engineering Proceedings. (33). p.51-51.
  26. J.. Larsén. X.G. and Bolaños. R.. (2015). A coupled atmospheric and wave modeling system for storm simulations. In Proceedings of EWEA Offshore 2015 conference European Wind Energy Association (EWEA).
  27. M.. Navarro. J.. Pallares. E.. Ràfols. L.. Espino. M. and Palomares. A.. (2016). Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf. NW Mediterranean Sea). Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics. 23(3). p.143-158.
  28. A.. Miglietta. M.M.. Falco. P.P.. Benetazzo. A.. Bonaldo. D.. Bergamasco. A.. Sclavo. M. and Carniel. S.. (2016). On the use of a coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave model during an extreme cold air outbreak over the Adriatic Sea. Atmospheric Research. 172. p.48-65.
  29. M.A.. Perrie. W. and Solomon. S.M.. (2020). Application of SWAN model for storm generated wave simulation in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science. 5(1). p.19-34.
  30. E. and Raileanu. A.. (2016). A multi-parameter data-assimilation approach for wave prediction in coastal areas. Journal of Operational Oceanography. 9(1). p.13-25.
  31. P.G.. Kumar. R. and Basu. S.. (2014). An assessment of wind forcing impact on a spectral wave model for the Indian Ocean. Journal of Earth System Science. 123. p.1075-1087.
  32. SWAN team.. (2018). SWAN Scientific and Technical Documentation; Delft University of Technology: Delft. The Netherlands. p.147.
  33. A. and O’Donnell. J.. (2018). An assessment of two models of wave propagation in an estuary protected by breakwaters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 6(4). p.145.
  34. D.. Mirferendesk. H. and Tomlinson. R.. (2007). Comparison of two wave models for Gold Coast. Australia. Journal of Coastal Research. p.312-316.
  35. R.D.. Arias. A.O.. Royero. J.O. and Ocampo-Torres. F.J.. (2013). A wave parameters and directional spectrum analysis for extreme winds. Ocean Engineering. 67. p.100-118.
  36. R.B.. Gonçalves. M. and Guedes Soares. C.. (2017). Comparing the performance of spectral wave models for coastal areas. Journal of Coastal Research. 33(2). p.331-346.
  37. R.. Larson. J. and Ong. E.. (2005). M× N communication and parallel interpolation in Community Climate System Model Version 3 using the model coupling toolkit. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. 19(3). p.293-307.
  38. C.. Salathé Jr. E.P.. Kreasuwan. J.. Chantara. S. and Siriwitayakorn. K.. (2011). Projected climate change over Southeast Asia simulated using a WRF regional climate model. Atmospheric Science Letters. 12(2). p.213-219.
  39. T.. Shiotani. S.. Makino. H. and Shimada. Y.. (2017). 19. Research on Ship Navigation in Numerical Simulation of Weather and Ocean in a Bay. Navigational Systems and Simulators: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. p.141.
  40. K.K.. Mohanty. U.C.. Routray. A.. Kulkarni. M.A. and Mohapatra. M.. (2012). Customization of WRF-ARW model with physical parameterization schemes for the simulation of tropical cyclones over North Indian Ocean. Natural Hazards. 63. p.1337-1359.
  41. C.V.. Hariprasad. D.. Bhaskar Rao. D.V.. Anjaneyulu. Y.. Baskaran. R. and Venkatraman. B.. (2013). Simulation of the Indian summer monsoon regional climate using advanced research WRF model. International Journal of Climatology. 33(5). p.1195-1210.
  42. B.K.. Baerjee. S.. Kaginalkar. A. and Dalvi. M.. (2013). Study of the Indian summer monsoon using WRF–ROMS regional coupled model simulations. Atmospheric Science Letters. 14(1). p.20-27.
  43. P.. Kanth. A.L.. Kumari. K.V. and Vijaya Bhaskara Rao. S.. (2019). Performance optimization of operational WRF model configured for Indian Monsoon Region. Earth Systems and Environment. 3. p.231-239.
  44. Janjić. Z.I.. (1994). The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection. viscous sublayer. and turbulence closure schemes. Monthly weather review. 122(5). p.927-945.
  45. S.Y.. Noh. Y. and Dudhia. J.. (2006). A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Monthly weather review. 134(9). p.2318-2341.
  46. C.W.. Bradley. E.F.. Hare. J.E.. Grachev. A.A. and Edson. J.B.. (2003). Bulk parameterization of air–sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. Journal of climate. 16(4). p.571-591.
  47. P.K. and Yelland. M.J.. (2001). The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves. Journal of physical oceanography. 31(2). p.572-590.
  48. J.. (2017). Coupling atmospheric and ocean wave models for storm simulation.
  49. L.H.. (2010). Waves in oceanic and coastal waters. Cambridge university press.
  50. K.. (1974). On the spectral dissipation of ocean waves due to white capping. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 6. p.107-127.
  51. P.A.. (1991). Quasi-linear theory of wind-wave generation applied to wave forecasting. Journal of physical oceanography. 21(11). p.1631-1642.
  52. G.J.. Hasselmann. S. and Hasselmann. K.. (1984). On the existence of a fully developed wind-sea spectrum. Journal of physical oceanography. 14(8). p.1271-1285.
  53. K.. Barnett. T.P.. Bouws. E.. Carlson. H.. Cartwright. D.E.. Enke. K.. Ewing. J.A.. Gienapp. A.. Hasselmann. D.E.. Kruseman. P. and Meerburg. A.. (1973). Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP). Ergaenzungsheft zur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift. Reihe A.
  54. J.I.. (1972). Prediction of shallow‐water spectra. Journal of Geophysical Research. 77(15). p.2693-2707.
  55. O.S.. Poon. Y.K. and Graber. H.C.. (1988). Spectral wave attenuation by bottom friction: Theory. In Coastal engineering. 1988. p.492-504.
  56. G.J.. Cavaleri. L.. Donelan. M.. Hasselmann. K.. Hasselmann. S. and Janssen. P.A.E.M. (1996). Dynamics and modelling of ocean waves. p. 554.
  57. P.G.. Kumar. R.. Basu. S. and Sarkar. A.. (2012). Wave hindcast experiments in the Indian Ocean using MIKE 21 SW model. Journal of earth system science. 121. p.385-392.
  58. Sørensen. O.R.. Kofoed-Hansen. H.. Rugbjerg. M. and Sørensen. L.S.. (2005). A third-generation spectral wave model using an unstructured finite volume technique. In Coastal Engineering 2004: (In 4 Volumes).894-906.
  59. M.. Ranji. Z.. Shibayama. T.. Ghader. S. and Nishizaki. S.. (2018). Numerical simulation of tropical cyclones and storm surges in the Arabian Sea. Coastal Engineering Proceedings. (36). p.1-11.
  60. M.. (2021). Analysis of Ashobaa tropical cyclone-induced waves in the Northern Indian Ocean using coupled atmosphere–wave modeling. Marine Systems & Ocean Technology. 16. p.124-141.
  61. S.Y.. Dudhia. J. and Chen. S.H.. (2004). A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation. Monthly weather review. 132(1). p.103-120.
  62. E.J.. Taubman. S.J.. Brown. P.D.. Iacono. M.J. and Clough. S.A.. (1997). Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM. a validated correlated‐k model for the longwave. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 102(D14). p.16663-16682.
  63. J.. (1989). Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 46(20). p.3077-3107.
  64. M. and Niino. H.. (2006). An improved Mellor–Yamada level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 119. p.397-407.
  65. F. and Dudhia. J.. (2001). Coupling an advanced land surface–hydrology model with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Monthly weather review. 129(4). p.569-585.
  66. M.. Rahbani. M. and Malakooti. H.. (2018). Numerical Study of Winter Shamal Wind Forcing on the Surface Current and Wave Field in Bushehr's Offshore Using MIKE21. International Journal Of Coastal. Offshore And Environmental Engineering (ijcoe). 3(2). p.57-65.
  67.