Prediction of Structural Response for HSSCC Deep Beams Implementing a Machine Learning Approach

Authors

1 Academic Staff of Seismology Engineering & Risk Department, Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center (BHRC)

2 Academic Staff, Islamic Azad University, Astanee-Ashrafiye Branch

3 Academic Staff, Department of Earthquake Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman

4 Technology management, technology transfer, master of science, transportation research institute, road, housing and urban development research (BHRC)

Abstract

High Strength Concrete (HSC) is a complex type of concrete, that meets the combination of performance and uniformity at the same time. This paper demonstrates the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the deflection of high strength reinforced concrete deep beams, which are one of the main elements in offshore structures. More than one thousand test data were collected from the experimental investigation of 6 deep beams for the case of study. The data was arranged in a format of 10 input parameters, 2 hidden layers, and 1 output as network architecture to cover the geometrical and material properties of the high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) deep beam. The corresponding output value is the deflection prediction. It is found that the feed forward back-propagation neural network, 15 & 5 neurons in first and second, TRAINBR training function, could predict the load-deflection diagram with minimum error of less than 1% and maximum correlation coefficient close to 1.

Keywords


1- ACI Committee 318. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-02) and commentary (ACI 318R-02). Farmington Hills (MI): American Concrete Institute; 2002.
2- NZS 3101:1995. Concrete structures standard, NZS 3101: Part 1, Commentary, NZS 3101: part 2. Wellington: Standards Association of New Zealand; 1995.
3- Chemrouk M.(2006): Ultimate behaviour of Concrete Deep Beams with Particular Reference to Slender Deep Beams; proceeding of the 9th international conference on concrete Engineering & Technology 2006 (CONCET 2006)-‘Structural concrete for the Millennium’, 9-11 may, Kuala Lumpur.
4- Yang K.-H., Chung H.-S. and Ashour A. F. Influence of section depth on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete continuous deep beams. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2007:59: 8575–586.
5- Chemrouk M. and Kong F. K. High strength concrete continuous deep beams–with web reinforcement and shear-span variations. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2004;7: 3229–243.
6- Maco Rigoti, Diagonal cracking in reinforced concrete deep beam-An experimental investigation, PhD Thesis., Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 2002.
7- Schlaich, J. and Schäfer, K., "Design and Detailing of Structural Concrete Using Strut-and-Tie Models", The Structural Engineer, 69, 6, 1991, pp. 113-125.
8- Ray, S.P. (1980) Behaviour and Ultimate Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams With and Without Opening in Web. Ph. D. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
9- Perera R, Vique J. Strut-and-tie modelling of reinforced concrete beams using genetic algorithms optimization . Construction and Building Materials, 2009;23:82914-2925.
10- Ashour A, Yang K.-H . Application of plasticity theory to reinforced Concrete deep beams: a review. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2008; 60: 9657–664.
11- Yang, K.-H., Chung, H.-S. and Ashour, A. F. Influence of section depth on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete continuous deep beams. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2007; 59: 8 575–586
12- Kang-Hai Tan, Susanto Teng, Fung-Kew Kong, and Hai-Yun Lu. Main Tension Steel in High Strength Concrete Deep and Short Beams. Structural Journal, 1997;94:6 752-768.
13- Perera R, Vique J. Strut-and-tie modelling of reinforced concrete beams using genetic algorithms optimization . Construction and Building Materials, 2009;23:82914-2925.
14- British Standard Institution, “Structural Use of Concrete,” (BS 8110: Part 1. Code of Practice for Design and Construction), BSI, London, 1985.
15- Eurocode 2 1992. Design of concrete structure, Part 1, general rules and regulations for building. London: British standards institution.
16- CIRIA Guide 2. The design of deep beams in reinforced concrete. London: Over Arup and Partners, and Construction Industry Research and Information Association; 1977. p. 131. Reprinted 1984.
17- I.C. Yeh, "Modeling of strength of HPC using ANN", Cem Concr Res 28 (1998) (12), pp. 1797–1808.
18- J. Kasperkiewics, J. Racz and A. Dubrawski, "HPC strength prediction using ANN", ASCE J Comput Civil Eng 9 (1995) (4), pp. 279–284.
19- S. Lai and M. Sera, "Concrete strength prediction by means of neural network", Constr Build Mater 11 (1997) (2), pp. 93–98.
20- S.C. Lee, "Prediction of concrete strength using artificial neural Networks", Eng Struct 25 (2003), pp. 849–857.
21- Sanad A, Saka M P 2001 Prediction of ultimate strength of reinforced concrete deep beams by neural networks. ASCE J. Struct. Eng. 127(7): 818–828.
22- Hadi N 2002 Neural networks applications in concrete structures. Compute & Struct. 81: 373–381.
23- Cladera A, Mari A R 2004 Shear design procedure for reinforced normal and high strength concrete beams using artificial neural networks. Part I: Beams without stirrups. Eng. Struct. 26: 927–936.
24- Cladera A, Mari A R 2004 Shear design procedure for reinforced normal and high strength concrete beams using artificial neural networks. Part II: Beams with stirrups. Eng. Struct. 26: 917–926.
25- Namhee Kim Hong, Sung-Pil Chang, Seung-Chul Lee 2002 Development of Ann-based preliminary structural design systems for cable-stayed bridges. Adv. Eng. software 33: 85–96.
26- Rajasekharan S, Vijayalakshmi Pai G A 2003 Neural networks, Fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms, (New Delhi: Prentice Hall).
27- Davis L 1991 Hand book of genetic algorithms, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).
28- Daniel A, Simon L, and Girma T. B., “Application of an Artificial Neural Network Model for Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Profile Development”, 11th American Conference in Wind Engineering, 2009.
29- Mohammadhassani Mohammad., Experimental and analytical study on HSC deep beam with particular reference to the stress/strain distribution and to the evolution of the neutral axis, PhD Thesis., University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2010.
30- N. Pannirselvam, P.N.Raghunath, K. Suguna, 2008, Neural Networks for performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced polymer plated RC beam, American J. of Engineering and Applied Science 1, p82-88