Design Accidental Load for Explosion Resistant Design

Authors

Brunel University

Abstract

The accidental release and ignition of flammable vapours in petrochemical facilities generate overpressure and drag load which can impact the safety of installation and people. The intensity of the blast loads depends on many influencing factors including congestion, geometry, type & amount of fuel, leak size, and points of ignition among others. Given the stochastic nature of these parameters, it is obvious that the design for accidental load must be determined using a probabilistic method. This paper discusses a methodology known as “explosion exceedance diagram” and draws on recent developments in vapour cloud explosion research to determine the design accidental load (DAL). A case study demonstrates the application of the method.

Keywords

References

  1. ABS, 2004, Guidance Notes on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Safety.
  2. ABS, 2004, Guidance Notes on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Safety.
  3. API Recommended Practice 2FB (2006), Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, pp76
  4. API Recommended Practice 2FB (2006), Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, pp76
  5. Chamberlain, G. and Puttock, 2006, Vapour Cloud Explosion Risk management in onshore plant Using Explosion Exceedance technique, institute of chemical engineers, SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 151.
  6. Chamberlain, G. and Puttock, 2006, Vapour Cloud Explosion Risk management in onshore plant Using Explosion Exceedance technique, institute of chemical engineers, SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 151.
  7. Chamberlain, G.A., 2004, A methodology for managing explosion risks in refineries and petrochemical plants, AIChE 38th Loss Prevention Symposium, Session T7004 Advances in Consequence Modelling, New Orleans, 26-30 April.
  8. Chamberlain, G.A., 2004, A methodology for managing explosion risks in refineries and petrochemical plants, AIChE 38th Loss Prevention Symposium, Session T7004 Advances in Consequence Modelling, New Orleans, 26-30 April.
  9. Cox, A.W., Lees, F.P., and Ang, M.L., 1990, Classification of hazardous locations, IChemE.
  10. Cox, A.W., Lees, F.P., and Ang, M.L., 1990, Classification of hazardous locations, IChemE.
  11. DNV-OS-A101 Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling and Support Units
  12. DNV-OS-A101 Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling and Support Units
  13. E&P Forum, 1992, Hydrocarbon Leak and Ignition Database, EP Forum Report No. 11.4/180, E&P Forum, London, May 1992.
  14. E&P Forum, 1992, Hydrocarbon Leak and Ignition Database, EP Forum Report No. 11.4/180, E&P Forum, London, May 1992.
  15. ISO 13702, 1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations - Requirements and guidelines.
  16. ISO 13702, 1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations - Requirements and guidelines.
  17. ISO 19901-3, 2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 3: Topsides structure.
  18. ISO 19901-3, 2010, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 3: Topsides structure.
  19. Goose, M., 2000, Location and Design of Occupied Buildings at Chemical Plants - Assessment Step by Step, IChemE SYMPOSIUM SERIES No. 147, pp 1-15, Available on http://www.icheme.org/communities/subject_groups/safety%20and%20loss%20prevention/resources/hazards%20archive/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20Archive/XV/XV-Paper-36.pdf
  20. Goose, M., 2000, Location and Design of Occupied Buildings at Chemical Plants - Assessment Step by Step, IChemE SYMPOSIUM SERIES No. 147, pp 1-15, Available on http://www.icheme.org/communities/subject_groups/safety%20and%20loss%20prevention/resources/hazards%20archive/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20Archive/XV/XV-Paper-36.pdf
  21. Hamdan, F., 2006, Structural strengthening of offshore topsides structures as part of explosion risk reduction methods, HSE report rr489.
  22. Hamdan, F., 2006, Structural strengthening of offshore topsides structures as part of explosion risk reduction methods, HSE report rr489.
  23. Lloyd's Register (2013) Classification of a Floating Offshore Installation at a Fixed Location- Guidelines for the Calculation of Probabilistic Explosion Loads http://www.lr.org/en/services/guidance-notes-for-calculation-of-probabilistic-explosion-loads.aspx
  24. Lloyd's Register (2013) Classification of a Floating Offshore Installation at a Fixed Location- Guidelines for the Calculation of Probabilistic Explosion Loads http://www.lr.org/en/services/guidance-notes-for-calculation-of-probabilistic-explosion-loads.aspx
  25. Kaplan, S. & Garrick, B. J. (1981). On the Quantitative Definition of Risk. Risk Analysis, 1(1),11-27. [DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01350.x]
  26. Kaplan, S. & Garrick, B. J. (1981). On the Quantitative Definition of Risk. Risk Analysis, 1(1),11-27. [DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01350.x]
  27. Kaplan, S. (1997), "The Words of Risk Analysis", Risk Analysis, 17(4): 407-417. [DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00881.x]
  28. Kaplan, S. (1997), "The Words of Risk Analysis", Risk Analysis, 17(4): 407-417. [DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00881.x]
  29. Kim, M., Kim, G., Jung, J. and Sim, W. (2014) Determination of the Design Load for Structural Safety Assessment against Gas Explosion in Offshore Topside, in Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management PSAM 12, June 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, available on http://psam12.org/proceedings/paper/paper_411_1.pdf
  30. Kim, M., Kim, G., Jung, J. and Sim, W. (2014) Determination of the Design Load for Structural Safety Assessment against Gas Explosion in Offshore Topside, in Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management PSAM 12, June 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii, available on http://psam12.org/proceedings/paper/paper_411_1.pdf
  31. Petroleum Safety Authority Norway, 2012, The Facilities Regulations. Stavanger: Petroleum Safety Authority Norway.
  32. Petroleum Safety Authority Norway, 2012, The Facilities Regulations. Stavanger: Petroleum Safety Authority Norway.
  33. Standards Norway, 2008, NORSOK standard S-001 Technical Safety. Standards Norway.
  34. Standards Norway, 2008, NORSOK standard S-001 Technical Safety. Standards Norway.
  35. Standards Norway, 2010, NORSOK Standard Z-013 Risk and emergency preparedness assessment. Standards Norway.
  36. Standards Norway, 2010, NORSOK Standard Z-013 Risk and emergency preparedness assessment. Standards Norway.
  37. Talberg, O., Hansen, O., R, Bakke, J.R. and van Wingerden, K., 2001, "Application of a CFD-based probabilistic risk assessment to a gas-handling plant", International European Safety Management Group (ESMG) Symposium, 2001, 27-29
  38. Talberg, O., Hansen, O., R, Bakke, J.R. and van Wingerden, K., 2001, "Application of a CFD-based probabilistic risk assessment to a gas-handling plant", International European Safety Management Group (ESMG) Symposium, 2001, 27-29
  39. UKOOA/HSE Fire and Explosion Guidance, 2007.
  40. UKOOA/HSE Fire and Explosion Guidance, 2007.
  41. Vinnem, J. E.,2007, Offshore Risk Assessment. London: Springer.
  42. Vinnem, J. E.,2007, Offshore Risk Assessment. London: Springer.
  43. Walker, S. and Yasseri, S. 2004, Exceedance curves and the Definition of Load cases for explosion Assessment, In FABIG Newsletter No. 38, Available on https://www.academia.edu/26138396/Exceedance_Curves_and_the_Definition_of_Load_Cases_for_Explosion_Assessment
  44. Walker, S. and Yasseri, S. 2004, Exceedance curves and the Definition of Load cases for explosion Assessment, In FABIG Newsletter No. 38, Available on https://www.academia.edu/26138396/Exceedance_Curves_and_the_Definition_of_Load_Cases_for_Explosion_Assessment
  45. Yasseri, S and Menhennett, P, A., 2003, A methodology for Performance-based explosion resistant design, Major Hazard Conference, ERA, London UK, Available on https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sirous_Yasseri/publications?sorting=newest&page=4
  46. Yasseri, S and Menhennett, P, A., 2003, A methodology for Performance-based explosion resistant design, Major Hazard Conference, ERA, London UK, Available on https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sirous_Yasseri/publications?sorting=newest&page=4
  47. Yasseri, S and Prager, J, 2004, OMAE2004-51048 Conference: ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
  48. Yasseri, S and Prager, J, 2004, OMAE2004-51048 Conference: ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
  49. Yasseri, S., 2004, Exceedance curves and the definition of load cases for Explosion Assessment, FABIG Newsletter, Issue 38, available on https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sirous_Yasseri/publications?sorting=newest&page=3, and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278022021_Exceedance_Curves_and_the_Definition_of_Load_Cases_for_Explosion_Assessment
  50. Yasseri, S., 2004, Exceedance curves and the definition of load cases for Explosion Assessment, FABIG Newsletter, Issue 38, available on https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sirous_Yasseri/publications?sorting=newest&page=3, and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278022021_Exceedance_Curves_and_the_Definition_of_Load_Cases_for_Explosion_Assessment
  51. Yasseri, S, and Menhennett, P., 2005, Costing for ALARP, ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering [DOI:10.1115/OMAE2005-67017]
  52. Yasseri, S, and Menhennett, P., 2005, Costing for ALARP, ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering [DOI:10.1115/OMAE2005-67017]
  53. Yasseri, S., 2006, Achieving ALARP in topside blast resistant design, FABIG Newsletter, Issue 44, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281375561_Achieving_ALARP_in_topside_blast_resistnt_design
  54. Yasseri, S., 2006, Achieving ALARP in topside blast resistant design, FABIG Newsletter, Issue 44, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281375561_Achieving_ALARP_in_topside_blast_resistnt_design
  55. Yasseri, S, 2006, Uncertainty analysis of QRA, FABIG newsletter, available on http://www.researchgate.net/publication/278021913_Uncertainty_Analysis_of_QRA
  56. Yasseri, S, 2006, Uncertainty analysis of QRA, FABIG newsletter, available on http://www.researchgate.net/publication/278021913_Uncertainty_Analysis_of_QRA
  57. Yasseri, S., 2012, Goal Setting Approach for Blast Resistant Design FABIG Newsletter, available on http://www.researchgate.net/publication/276283146_Goal_Setting_Approach_for_Blast_Resistant_Design
  58. Yasseri, S., 2012, Goal Setting Approach for Blast Resistant Design FABIG Newsletter, available on http://www.researchgate.net/publication/276283146_Goal_Setting_Approach_for_Blast_Resistant_Design
  59. Yasseri, S, 2013, The ALARP argument, FABIG newsletter, Issue 61, available on https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274677545_The_ALARP_Argument
  60. Yasseri, S, 2013, The ALARP argument, FABIG newsletter, Issue 61, available on https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274677545_The_ALARP_Argument
International Journal Of Coastal, Offshore And Environmental Engineering(ijcoe)
Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 7
October 2017
Pages 41-49

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics